Reference:  Abbott, Richard. Analysis and Design of Composite and Metallic Flight Vehicle Structures 3 Edition, 2019

Tension

Compression

Bending

Average Direct Shear Stress

Longitudinal or Transverse Shear Stress

Shear Stress in Round Tubes due to Torsion

Shear Stress due to Torsion on thin Walled Structures of Closed Section. ‘A’ is the area enclosed by the median line of the section,

Principal stresses

Max, Min Shear Stresses

Von Mises Stress

21.1.1.1. Equations of Motion

Linear Motion

Where:

Rotational Motion

Where: